Research on Glycemic Load and Index

 
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Jul;13(7):1192-8.  
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake in relation to risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women.
Oh K, Willett WC, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL.
Index:  RR=1.11 (0.94-1.32)     Load-=0.92 (0.73-1.11)
 
 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Jan;13(1):65-70.  
  Dietary glycemic load and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Study.
 Higginbotham S, Zhang ZF, Lee IM, Cook NR, Buring JE, Liu S.
Load=1.01(0.76-1.35)    Index=1.03 (0.84-1.18)    No effect found
Premenopausal women with low exercise did show  positive effect, load=2.35(1.03-5.37), index=1.56(0.88-2.78)
 
 
Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Apr 15;159(8):732-9.  
 Dietary carbohydrates, fiber, and breast cancer risk.
Holmes MD, Liu S, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Willett WC.
No effect found
1.08 (0.97-1.19) for glycemic index;  0.99 (0.89-1.11) for glycemic load
 
Ann Oncol. 2004 Apr;15(4):581-4.  
 Glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of gastric cancer.
Augustin LS, Gallus S, Negri E, La Vecchia C.
Servizio di Epidemiologiae Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Pordenone, Italy
         rr glycemic load=1.44 (1.11-1.87)  Large study, found risk
 
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003 Nov;12(11 Pt 1):1153-8.  
 Premenopausal dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemic load, and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer.
 Cho E, Spiegelman D, Hunter DJ, Chen WY, Colditz GA, Willett WC.
 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.  eunyoung.cho@channing.harvard.edu
 
No effect found for index or load on breast cancer risk.  But found differing effects for those of low and high body weight.
 
Cancer Causes Control. 2003 Sep;14(7):657-62.  
Glycemic index and load and risk of upper aero-digestive tract neoplasms (Italy).
Augustin LS, Gallus S, Franceschi S, Negri E, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Dal Maso L, Talamini R, La Vecchia C.
Servizio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Italy.
 
Index rr= 1.5 (1.1-1.9)     Load rr =  1.8 (1.1-2.9)
 
 J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Jun 18;95(12):914-6.  
Glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of colorectal cancer in women: a prospective cohort study.
Terry PD, Jain M, Miller AB, Howe GR, Rohan TE.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. terry2@niehs.nih.gov
 
rr for load = 1.05 (0.73-1.53)  and  no effect of carbohydrates    No useful effect.
 
 Heart. 2003 Jul;89(7):722-6.  
Carbohydrates, dietary glycaemic load and glycaemic index, and risk of acute myocardial infarction.
Tavani A, Bosetti C, Negri E, Augustin LS, Jenkins DJ, La Vecchia C.
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. tavani@marionegri.it
 
1.08 for load, 1.38 for index, neither significant, but did find rr of 1.81 for older persosn >60 yrs and 2.02(1.21-3.34) for overweight both significant
 
Int J Cancer. 2003 Jun 20;105(3):404-7.  
Glycemic index and glycemic load in endometrial cancer.
Augustin LS, Gallus S, Bosetti C, Levi F, Negri E, Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, La Vecchia C.
Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Pordenone, Italy.
 
GI= 2.1(1.4-3.2)  and GL  =2.7 (1.8-4.2)     Did see a significant effect here
 
Ann Oncol. 2003 Jan;14(1):78-84.  
Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and ovarian cancer risk: a case-control study in Italy.
Augustin LS, Polesel J, Bosetti C, Kendall CW, La Vecchia C, Parpinel M, Conti E, Montella M, Franceschi S, Jenkins DJ, Dal Maso L.
Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Italy
 
G Index rr quartiles = 1.7 (1.3-2.1)  and G load 1.7 (1.3-2.1)     Found relationship
 
 J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Sep 4;94(17):1293-300.  
Dietary sugar, glycemic load, and pancreatic cancer risk in a prospective study. women, nurses study)
Michaud DS, Liu S, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS.   Paper available
 
Load = 1.53 (0.96-2.45);  not quite 95% sign,  index not significant
Women both overweight and sedentary (BMI>25)   rr=2.67 (1.02-6.99)
 
 
 Ann Oncol. 2001 Nov;12(11):1533-8.  
Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load, and breast cancer risk: a case-control study.
Augustin LS, Dal Maso L, La Vecchia C, Parpinel M, Negri E, Vaccarella S, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Francesch S.
Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Italy.
 
rr for glycemic load 1.3, p<.01   signif effect
 
 
Ann Oncol. 2001 Feb;12(2):173-8.  
Dietary glycemic load and colorectal cancer risk.
Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Augustin L, Negri E, Parpinel M, Boyle P, Jenkins DJ, La Vecchia C.
Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Italy

         rr glycemic load =1.8 (1.5-2.2)    glycemic index = 1.7 (1.4-2.0     quitiles

 
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;54(9):726-31.  
Dietary glycemic index in relation to metabolic risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study.
van Dam RM, Visscher AW, Feskens EJ, Verhoef P, Kromhout D.
Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. rob.van.dam@rivm.nl

CHD risk was 1.11 (0.66-1.87) for high vs. low values of glycemic INDEX.  No data on load    This of little value
 
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Sep;6(9):677-85.  
Dietary sugar and colon cancer.
Slattery ML, Benson J, Berry TD, Duncan D, Edwards SL, Caan BJ, Potter JD.
Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84108, USA.
 
For G index only, highest to lowest quintile, rr = 1.58(1.06-2.36, p=0.04; for men
                                                        rr = 1.72 (1.11-2.67), p=0.04 for women  
                 risk much higher for men sedentary than for those active
 
Diabetes Care. 1997 Apr;20(4):545-50.  
Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of NIDDM in men.     What is NIDDM? Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes;  IDDM is dependent
Salmeron J, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Jenkins DJ, Stampfer MJ, Wing AL, Willett WC.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. hpjsc@gauss.bwh.harvard.edu
 
          rr of glycemic index was 1.37 (1.02-1.83)  p=0.03
          high glycemic load and a low cereal fiber intake further increased the risk of NIDDM (RR = 2.17,(1.04-4.54)
 
JAMA. 1997 Feb 12;277(6):472-7.  
Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women.
Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass, USA.
 
          Glycemic load rr-1.47(1.16-1.86) p=.003